| Pattern |
Sample Words Containing Pattern |
Page in
Patterns of
English Spelling |
|
"un"
Suffixes |
|
| -on
= "un" |
common London apron pardon person reckon summon carbon |
Vol. 8 832-851 |
| -an
= "un" |
urban human African pagan slogan veteran Mexican Canadian
American |
Vol. 8 852-856 |
| -en
= "un" |
leaden rotten dozen deaden lengthen listen widen lengthen
happen |
Vol. 8 857-860 |
| -in
= "un" |
robin Franklin assassin toxin bulletin insulin |
Vol. 8 861-862 |
| -ion
= "yun" |
opinion union reunion onions rebellion battalion communion |
Vols. 8/9 837 & 935 |
| -ian
= "yun" |
Italian civilian Sicilian Canadian Indian |
Vols. 8/9 853 & 936 |
| -ain
= "un" |
mountain certain chieftain fountain bargain |
Vol. 4
419 |
|
"unt"
Suffixes |
|
| -ant
= "unt" |
elegant ignorant significant applicant occupant lieutenant |
Vol. 2
254 |
| -ent
= "unt" |
different convenient innocent confident residents |
Vol. 2
255 |
|
"un-ss" Suffixes |
|
| -ance
= "un-ss" |
elegance ignorance significance inheritance defiance |
Vol. 2
258 |
| -ence = "un-ss" |
violence coincidence experience evidence obedience |
Vol. 2
260 |
|
"und"
Suffixes |
|
| -and = "und" |
Ireland Scotland Holland England Portland Maryland island |
Vol. 2
281 |
|
"ur"
Suffixes |
|
| -or = "ur" |
labor neighbor harbor
rigor valor color humor glamor |
Vol. 6 675-681 |
| -our = "ur" |
labour neighbour harbour rigour valour colour humour glamour |
Vol. 6
682 |
| -ar = "ur" |
muscular cedar scholar popular particular peculiar |
Vol. 6 673-674 |
| -ir = "ur" |
nadir elixir astir tapir kaffir bestir |
Vol. 6
675 |
|
"ul" Suffixes |
|
| el =
"ul" |
label angel camel panel chapel barrel weasel travel |
Vol. 6 624-627 |
|
al
= "ul" |
verbal medal decimal criminal trial rival withdrawal |
Vol. 8 818-827 |
|
ol
= "ul" |
symbol idol pistol carol gambol petrol Bristol capitol |
Vol. 6
628 |
|
ul
= "ul" |
mogul consul eyeful truthful respectful |
Vol. 6 629-631 |
|
"AK," "EK" &
"IK" Suffixes |
|
|
-ac
= "ak" |
maniac zodiac shellac cognac almanac kleptomaniac |
Vol. 8
801 |
|
-ec
= "ek" |
Aztek Alec |
Vol. 8
801 |
|
-ic
= "ik" |
cubic Nordic terrific tragic psychic frolic cosmic picnic |
Vol. 8 802-816 |
|
"uh KUL"
Suffixes |
|
| -ical
= "uh KUL" |
chemical technical historical mathematical |
Vol. 8 802-816 |
|
-acal
= "uh kul" |
maniacal kleptomaniacal xenomaniacal pyromaniacal |
Vol. 8
801 |
|
"uh BUL"
Suffixes |
|
| -able
= "uh bul" |
probable readable noticeable available variable |
Vol. 6 613-621 |
|
-ible
= "uh bul" |
possible edible credible compatible irresistible |
Vol. 6 621-623 |
|
"uh
TEE" Suffixes |
|
| ity = "uh TEE" |
probability possibility reality legality nationality |
Vol. 7 730-738 |
|
ety
= "uh TEE" |
variety society piety anxiety fidgety notoriety |
Vol. 7
729 |
|
"us"
Suffixes
Also combine with ci, ti, xi, gi, & ge
digraphs |
|
|
-ous
= "us" |
tremendous fabulous ridiculous famous poisonous |
Vol. 8 867-874 |
|
-ious
= EE us |
envious previous dubious amphibious studious |
Vol. 8 868-871 |
|
-eous
= EE us |
hideous igneous miscellaneous spontaneous |
Vol. 8
867 |
|
ci = "sh"
combines with
-ous, -on, -an, -al, -ent, -a, & -o Suffixes |
|
| -cious
= "shus" |
precious suspicious gracious ferocious delicious |
Vol. 8
868 |
|
-cion
= "shun" |
suspicion coercion |
Vol. 8
837 |
|
-cian
= "shun" |
magician physician electrician musician politician |
Vol. 8
854 |
|
-cial
= "shul" |
racial commercial special social crucial artificial |
Vol. 8
818 |
|
-cient
= "shunt" |
efficient deficient sufficient ancient coefficient |
Vol. 9
912 |
|
-cia
= "shuh" |
Marcia Felicia Alicia Patricia |
Vol. 9
912 |
|
-cio
= "shoh" |
Ignacio pasticcio libeccio braggadocio |
Vol. 9
912 |
|
ti =
"sh" combines with
-ous, -on, -an, -al, -ent, -a, & -o Suffixes |
|
| -tious = "shus" |
ambitious infectious repetitious cautious |
Vol. 8 870-871 |
|
-tion
= "shun" |
ambitions infections repetitions cautions |
Vol. 8 838-851 |
|
-tial
= "shul" |
partial initial credentials essential sequential martial |
Vol. 8
825 |
|
-tient
= "shunt" |
patient quotient sentient impatient insentient |
Vol. 9
914 |
|
-tia
= "shuh" |
militia inertia Portia Nova Scotia dementia |
Vol. 9
914 |
|
-tio
= "shoh" |
ratio Horatio |
Vol. 9
914 |
|
xi = "sh" combines only
with -ous |
|
| -xious
= "shus" |
anxious noxious obnoxious fluxious influxious |
Vol. 9
917 |
|
Consonant
+ si digraph combines with -on |
|
|
-sion
= "shun" |
tension expulsion expansion suspension comprehension |
Vol. 8
836 |
|
ss
= "sh" combines with -ure |
|
| -ssure
= "shur" |
assure reassure pressure fissure |
Vol. 9
915 |
|
ssi
= "sh" combines with -on & -an |
|
| -ssion
= "shun" |
passion compassion impression obsession admission |
Vol. 8
834 |
| -ssian
= "shun" |
Russian Prussian Hessian |
Vol. 9
916 |
|
si
= "zh" combines with -a, -an & -on |
|
| -sia =
"zhuh" |
Asia euthanasia Tunisia anesthesia amnesia Persia |
Vol. 9
917 |
| -sian =
"zhun" |
Asian Caucasian artesian Persian Eurasian |
Vol. 9
917 |
| -sion =
"zhun" |
vision invasion contusions exclusion corrosion explosion |
Vol. 9
918 |
|
s
= "zh" combines with -ure |
|
| -sure =
"zhur" |
pleasure exposure leisure treasure measure |
Vol. 9
919 |
|
t
= "ch" combines with -ue, -ure, -une |
|
| -tue =
"choo" |
virtue statue habitué ("huh BICH choo AY") |
Vol. 9
923 |
| -ture =
"chur" |
feature nature fracture picture culture furniture vulture |
Vol. 9 923-924 |
| -tune =
"chun" |
fortune fortunate unfortunate misfortune |
Vol. 9
924 |
|
ti
= "ch" combines with -an and -on |
|
| -tian =
"chun" |
Christian Sebastian Christianity |
Vol. 9
854 |
| -tion =
"chun" |
question suggestion combustion exhaustion indigestion |
Vol. 8
851 |
|
gi
= "j" combines with -on & -ous |
|
| -gion
= "jun" |
region religion legion contagion regional |
Vol. 9
920 |
| -gious =
"jus" |
religious contagious sacrilegious prodigious prestigious |
Vol. 9
920 |
|
gi
= "j" combines with -on, -ous, & -ant |
|
| -geon
= "jun" |
surgeon dungeon bludgeon pigeon |
Vol. 9
920 |
|
-geous
= "jus" |
courageous gorgeous outrageous advantageous |
Vol. 9
920 |
|
-geant
= "junt" |
pageant sergeant pageantry |
Vol. 9
920 |
|
gu
& gue = "g" |
|
| -gu
= "guh" |
guild guise disguise guitar guilt guilty Guinness |
Vol. 9
921 |
|
-gue
= "guh" |
fatigue morgue vague league plague intrigue |
Vol. 9
921 |
|
|
|
|
In words
whose base is polysyllabic
the "SILENT E" does NOT
make the vowel say its name!" |
|
|
-age
= "ij" |
cabbage garbage carriage marriage sausage percentage |
Vol. 3
327 |
|
-age
= "AH'zh" |
garage mirage sabotage camouflage entourage barrage |
Vol. 9
919 |
|
-ige
= "EE'zh" |
prestige (c.f. loge, rouge, deluge) |
Vol. 9
919 |
|
|
|
| -ace =
"iss" |
menace palace terrace furnace solace tenace |
Vol. 3
343 |
|
-ice
= "iss" |
service cowardice chalice armistice Eunice notice |
Vol. 3
343 |
|
-ice
= "EE-ss" |
police Bernice (Nice, France) policemen |
Vol. 3
344 |
|
|
|
| -ate =
"it" |
private appropriate certificates illiterate ultimate |
Vol. 3 354-355 |
|
-ite
= "it" |
definite exquisite prerequisite composite hypocrite |
Vol. 3
357 |
|
-ite
= "eet" |
petite elite suite |
Vol. 3
358 |
|
|
|
| -ile =
"il" |
agile fragile futile fertile sterile facile docile |
Vol. 3
330 |
|
-ile
= "eel" |
Mobile, automobile, Castile |
Vol. 3
330 |
|
|
|
| -ine =
"in" |
feminine masculine genuine discipline imagine Catherine |
Vol. 3
338 |
|
-ine
= "een" |
gasoline submarine ravine machine quarantine sardines |
Vol. 3
336 |
|
|
|
|
In words that
entered English from the French the letters ch make the "sh" and the letters qu
= "k" |
|
|
ch
= "sh" |
chef chute parachute cache mustache crèche charades |
Vol. 9 909-910 |
|
ique
= "eek" |
technique unique pique Monique antique boutique |
Vol. 9
901 |
|
sque
= "sk" |
Basque picturesque mosque bisque burlesque grotesque |
Vol. 9
902 |
|
In
words that entered English from the German the letters sch = "sh" |
|
| sch =
"sch" |
Schick Schmidt schuss Schneider schlimazel schlep |
Vol. 9
911 |
|
In
words that entered English from the Greek the letters ch = "k" & ph =
"f" |
|
| ch =
"k" |
ache chaos anchor Michael character stomach Christ |
Vol. 9 905-908 |
|
sch
= "sk" |
school scholar scheme scholastic Schenectady |
Vol. 9
908 |
|
ph
= "f" |
prophet sphere nephew emphatic phases photograph |
Vol. 9 925-934 |
|
Reversals:
When the sounds DON'T
follow the letter order |
|
| -re =
"ur" |
centre acre theatre mediocre orchestre ogre |
Vol. 6
683 |
|
-cle
= "kul" |
miracle circle vehicle obstacle spectacle icicles |
Vol. 6 610-611 |
|
Even
silent letters follow patterns |
|
| Silent
b |
lamb comb dumb climb limb numb thumb plumb |
Vol. 9
958 |
|
Silent
g |
gnat sign design foreign reign deign gneiss gnome |
Vol. 9
959 |
| Silent h |
ghost spaghetti silhouette ghetto |
Vol. 9
960 |
| Silent k |
know knowledge knife knit knee kneel knights |
Vol. 9
959 |
| Silent l |
palm calm qualms psalms alms |
Vol. 9
960 |
| Silent p |
pneumonia ptomaine pseudo coup psychology |
Vol. 9
961 |
| Silent s |
debris corps rendezvous apropos (entrée nous) |
Vol. 9
959 |
| Silent t |
debut depot rapport escargot |
Vol. 9
959 |
| Silent w |
wrap sword whole wrong Wright writ writing wrist |
Vol. 9
960 |
|
Silent x |
faux pas, nouveaux riches, beaux |
Vol.
9 949 |
|
Vowel
sounds in words whose base is polysyllabic often are quite different than what is taught
in grades 1 & 2 |
|
| -e = "AY" |
debut fiancé fiancée suede cliché attaché rendezvous |
Vol. 9 939-940 |
|
-et
= "AY" |
buffet cabaret Chevrolet croquet bouquet valet |
Vol. 9
940 |
|
-er
= "AY'r"(air) |
merit cherub inherit perish
Sheraton therapist Bering |
Vol. 9
941-944 |
|
-eu
= "OO" |
Reuben neutral deuce sleuth
leukemia euchre |
Vol. 9
957 |
|
-ou
= "OO" |
tourists goulash routine rouge
cougar croupe rendezvous |
Vol. 9
950 |
|
-ou
= "uh" |
courage double cousin journey
trouble |
Vol. 9
952 |
|
-i
= "EE" |
macaroni pinochle debris technique
fatigue Rita |
Vol. 9
961 |
|
-y
= long i |
cycle analyze psychopath dynamite
dynasty dynamic |
Vol. 9
953-956 |
|
-y=
short i |
gym dyslexia physical physician
gypped gypsies |
Vol. 9
953-956 |
|
-i
= "y" |
onion union junior savior behavior
battalion |
Vol. 9
953-956 |
|
-au
= "OH" |
chauffeur chauvinist gauche mauve |
Vol. 9
949 |
|
-eau
= "OH" |
beau bureau plateau trousseau
chateau Rousseau |
Vol. 9
949 |
|
-en=
"AW'n" |
ensemble détente entree
entrepreneur ennui rendezvous |
Vol. 9
949 |
|
-oi
= "WAH" |
moi reservoir boudoir repertoire
memoirs voila |
Vol. 9
949 |
|
-u=
"w" |
suite suede cuisine suave
linguistic persuasion |
Vol. 9
949 |