| Pattern |
Sample Words
Containing Pattern |
Page in
Patterns of English
Spelling |
| |
"un" Suffixes |
|
| -on = "un" |
common London apron pardon person reckon
summon carbon |
Vol. 8
832-851 |
| -an = "un" |
urban human African pagan slogan veteran
Mexican Canadian American |
Vol. 8
852-856 |
| -en = "un" |
leaden rotten dozen deaden lengthen
listen widen lengthen happen |
Vol. 8
857-860 |
| -in = "un" |
robin Franklin assassin toxin bulletin
insulin |
Vol. 8
861-862 |
| -ion = "yun" |
opinion union reunion onions rebellion
battalion communion |
Vols. 8/9
837 & 935 |
| -ian = "yun" |
Italian civilian Sicilian Canadian Indian |
Vols. 8/9 853
& 936 |
| -ain = "un" |
mountain certain chieftain fountain
bargain |
Vol. 4
419 |
| |
"unt" Suffixes |
|
| -ant = "unt" |
elegant ignorant significant applicant
occupant lieutenant |
Vol. 2
254 |
| -ent = "unt" |
different convenient innocent confident
residents |
Vol. 2
255 |
| |
"un-ss" Suffixes
|
|
| -ance = "un-ss" |
elegance ignorance significance
inheritance defiance |
Vol. 2
258 |
| -ence = "un-ss"
|
violence coincidence experience evidence
obedience |
Vol. 2
260 |
| |
"und" Suffixes
|
|
| -and = "und" |
Ireland Scotland Holland England Portland
Maryland island |
Vol. 2
281 |
| |
"ur" Suffixes
|
|
| -or = "ur" |
labor neighbor harbor rigor
valor color humor glamor |
Vol. 6
675-681 |
| -our = "ur" |
labour neighbour harbour rigour valour
colour humour glamour |
Vol. 6
682 |
| -ar = "ur" |
muscular cedar scholar popular particular
peculiar |
Vol. 6
673-674 |
| -ir = "ur" |
nadir elixir astir tapir kaffir bestir |
Vol. 6
675 |
| |
"ul" Suffixes
|
|
| el = "ul" |
label angel camel panel chapel barrel
weasel travel |
Vol. 6
624-627 |
| al = "ul" |
verbal medal decimal criminal trial rival
withdrawal |
Vol. 8
818-827 |
| ol = "ul" |
symbol idol pistol carol gambol petrol
Bristol capitol |
Vol. 6
628 |
| ul = "ul" |
mogul consul eyeful truthful respectful |
Vol. 6
629-631 |
| |
"AK," "EK" & "IK"
Suffixes |
|
| -ac = "ak" |
maniac zodiac shellac cognac almanac
kleptomaniac |
Vol. 8
801 |
| -ec = "ek" |
Aztek Alec |
Vol. 8
801 |
| -ic = "ik" |
cubic Nordic terrific tragic psychic
frolic cosmic picnic |
Vol. 8
802-816 |
| |
"uh KUL" Suffixes |
|
| -ical = "uh KUL" |
chemical technical historical
mathematical |
Vol. 8
802-816 |
| -acal = "uh kul" |
maniacal kleptomaniacal xenomaniacal
pyromaniacal |
Vol. 8
801 |
| |
"uh BUL" Suffixes |
|
| -able = "uh bul" |
probable readable noticeable available
variable |
Vol. 6
613-621 |
| -ible = "uh bul" |
possible edible credible compatible
irresistible |
Vol. 6
621-623 |
| |
"uh TEE" Suffixes |
|
| ity = "uh TEE" |
probability possibility reality legality
nationality |
Vol. 7
730-738 |
| ety = "uh TEE" |
variety society piety anxiety fidgety
notoriety |
Vol. 7
729 |
| |
"us" Suffixes
Also combine with ci, ti, xi, gi, & ge digraphs |
|
| -ous = "us" |
tremendous fabulous ridiculous famous
poisonous |
Vol. 8
867-874 |
| -ious = EE us |
envious previous dubious amphibious
studious |
Vol. 8
868-871 |
| -eous = EE us |
hideous igneous miscellaneous spontaneous |
Vol. 8
867 |
| |
ci = "sh" combines
with
-ous, -on, -an, -al, -ent, -a, & -o Suffixes |
|
| -cious = "shus" |
precious suspicious gracious ferocious
delicious |
Vol. 8
868 |
| -cion = "shun" |
suspicion coercion |
Vol. 8
837 |
| -cian = "shun" |
magician physician electrician musician
politician |
Vol. 8
854 |
| -cial = "shul" |
racial commercial special social crucial
artificial |
Vol. 8
818 |
| -cient = "shunt" |
efficient deficient sufficient ancient
coefficient |
Vol. 9
912 |
| -cia = "shuh" |
Marcia Felicia Alicia Patricia |
Vol. 9
912 |
| -cio = "shoh" |
Ignacio pasticcio libeccio braggadocio |
Vol. 9
912 |
| |
ti = "sh" combines
with
-ous, -on, -an, -al, -ent, -a, & -o Suffixes |
|
| -tious = "shus" |
ambitious infectious repetitious cautious |
Vol. 8
870-871 |
| -tion = "shun" |
ambitions infections repetitions cautions |
Vol. 8
838-851 |
| -tial = "shul" |
partial initial credentials essential
sequential martial |
Vol. 8
825 |
| -tient = "shunt" |
patient quotient sentient impatient
insentient |
Vol. 9
914 |
| -tia = "shuh" |
militia inertia Portia Nova Scotia
dementia |
Vol. 9
914 |
| -tio = "shoh" |
ratio Horatio |
Vol. 9
914 |
| |
xi = "sh" combines
only with -ous |
|
| -xious = "shus" |
anxious noxious obnoxious fluxious
influxious |
Vol. 9
917 |
| |
Consonant + si
digraph combines with -on |
|
| -sion = "shun" |
tension expulsion expansion suspension
comprehension |
Vol. 8
836 |
| |
ss = "sh" combines
with -ure |
|
| -ssure = "shur" |
assure reassure pressure fissure |
Vol. 9
915 |
| |
ssi = "sh" combines
with -on & -an |
|
| -ssion = "shun" |
passion compassion impression obsession
admission |
Vol. 8
834 |
| -ssian = "shun" |
Russian Prussian Hessian |
Vol. 9
916 |
| |
si = "zh" combines
with -a, -an & -on |
|
| -sia = "zhuh" |
Asia euthanasia Tunisia anesthesia
amnesia Persia |
Vol. 9
917 |
| -sian = "zhun" |
Asian Caucasian artesian Persian Eurasian |
Vol. 9 917 |
| -sion = "zhun" |
vision invasion contusions exclusion
corrosion explosion |
Vol. 9
918 |
| |
s = "zh" combines
with -ure |
|
| -sure = "zhur" |
pleasure exposure leisure treasure
measure |
Vol. 9
919 |
| |
t = "ch" combines
with -ue, -ure, -une |
|
| -tue = "choo" |
virtue statue habitué ("huh BICH choo
AY") |
Vol. 9
923 |
| -ture = "chur" |
feature nature fracture picture culture
furniture vulture |
Vol. 9 923-924 |
| -tune = "chun" |
fortune fortunate unfortunate misfortune |
Vol. 9
924 |
| |
ti = "ch" combines
with -an and -on |
|
| -tian = "chun" |
Christian Sebastian Christianity |
Vol. 9
854 |
| -tion = "chun" |
question suggestion combustion exhaustion
indigestion |
Vol. 8 851 |
| |
gi = "j" combines
with -on & -ous |
|
| -gion = "jun" |
region religion legion contagion regional |
Vol. 9 920 |
| -gious = "jus" |
religious contagious sacrilegious
prodigious prestigious |
Vol. 9
920 |
| |
gi = "j" combines
with -on, -ous, & -ant |
|
| -geon = "jun" |
surgeon dungeon bludgeon pigeon |
Vol. 9
920 |
| -geous = "jus" |
courageous gorgeous outrageous
advantageous |
Vol. 9 920 |
| -geant = "junt" |
pageant sergeant pageantry |
Vol. 9
920 |
| |
gu & gue = "g"
|
|
| -gu = "guh" |
guild guise disguise guitar guilt guilty
Guinness |
Vol. 9
921 |
| -gue = "guh" |
fatigue morgue vague league plague
intrigue |
Vol. 9 921 |
| |
|
|
| |
In words whose base
is polysyllabic
the "SILENT E" does NOT
make the vowel say its name!" |
|
| -age = "ij" |
cabbage garbage carriage marriage sausage
percentage |
Vol. 3 327 |
| -age = "AH'zh" |
garage mirage sabotage camouflage
entourage barrage |
Vol. 9 919 |
| -ige = "EE'zh" |
prestige (c.f. loge, rouge, deluge) |
Vol. 9
919 |
| |
|
|
| -ace = "iss" |
menace palace terrace furnace solace
tenace |
Vol. 3
343 |
| -ice = "iss" |
service cowardice chalice armistice
Eunice notice |
Vol. 3
343 |
| -ice = "EE-ss" |
police Bernice (Nice, France) policemen |
Vol. 3
344 |
| |
|
|
| -ate = "it" |
private appropriate certificates
illiterate ultimate |
Vol. 3
354-355 |
| -ite = "it" |
definite exquisite prerequisite composite
hypocrite |
Vol. 3
357 |
| -ite = "eet" |
petite elite suite |
Vol. 3
358 |
| |
|
|
| -ile = "il" |
agile fragile futile fertile sterile
facile docile |
Vol. 3
330 |
| -ile = "eel" |
Mobile, automobile, Castile |
Vol. 3
330 |
| |
|
|
| -ine = "in" |
feminine masculine genuine discipline
imagine Catherine |
Vol. 3
338 |
| -ine = "een" |
gasoline submarine ravine machine
quarantine sardines |
Vol. 3
336 |
| |
|
|
| |
In words that entered English
from the French the letters ch make the "sh" and the letters qu
= "k" |
|
| ch = "sh" |
chef chute parachute cache mustache
crèche charades |
Vol. 9 909-910 |
| ique = "eek" |
technique unique pique Monique antique
boutique |
Vol. 9
901 |
| sque = "sk" |
Basque picturesque mosque bisque
burlesque grotesque |
Vol. 9
902 |
| |
In words that
entered English from the German the letters sch = "sh"
|
|
| sch = "sch" |
Schick Schmidt schuss Schneider
schlimazel schlep |
Vol. 9
911 |
| |
In words that
entered English from the Greek the letters ch = "k" & ph = "f" |
|
| ch = "k" |
ache chaos anchor Michael character
stomach Christ |
Vol. 9
905-908 |
| sch = "sk" |
school scholar scheme scholastic
Schenectady |
Vol. 9
908 |
| ph = "f" |
prophet sphere nephew emphatic phases
photograph |
Vol. 9
925-934 |
| |
Reversals: When
the sounds DON'T
follow the letter order |
|
| -re = "ur" |
centre acre theatre mediocre orchestre
ogre |
Vol. 6
683 |
| -cle = "kul" |
miracle circle vehicle obstacle spectacle
icicles |
Vol. 6
610-611 |
| |
Even silent letters
follow patterns |
|
| Silent b |
lamb comb dumb climb limb numb thumb
plumb |
Vol. 9
958 |
| Silent g |
gnat sign design foreign reign deign
gneiss gnome |
Vol. 9
959 |
| Silent h |
ghost spaghetti silhouette ghetto
|
Vol. 9
960 |
| Silent k |
know knowledge knife knit knee kneel
knights |
Vol. 9
959 |
| Silent l |
palm calm qualms psalms alms |
Vol. 9
960 |
| Silent p |
pneumoniaptomaine pseudo coup psychology |
Vol. 9
961 |
| Silent s |
debris corps rendezvous apropos (entrée
nous) |
Vol. 9
959 |
| Silent t |
debut depot rapport escargot |
Vol. 9
959 |
| Silent w |
wrap sword whole wrong Wright writ
writing wrist |
Vol. 9
960 |
| Silent x |
faux pas, nouveaux riches, beaux |
Vol. 9 949 |
| |
Vowel sounds in
words whose base is polysyllabic often are quite different than
what is taught in grades 1 & 2 |
|
| -e = "AY" |
debut fiancé fiancée suede cliché attaché
rendezvous |
Vol. 9
939-940 |
| -et = "AY" |
buffet cabaret Chevrolet croquet bouquet
valet |
Vol. 9
940 |
| -er = "AY'r"(air) |
merit cherub inherit perish Sheraton
therapist Bering |
Vol. 9
941-944 |
| -eu = "OO" |
Reuben neutral deuce sleuth leukemia
euchre |
Vol. 9
957 |
| -ou = "OO" |
tourists goulash routine rouge cougar
coupe rendezvous |
Vol. 9
950 |
| -ou = "uh" |
courage double cousin journey trouble |
Vol. 9
952 |
| -i = "EE" |
macaroni pinochle debris technique
fatigue Rita |
Vol. 9
961 |
| -y = long i |
cycle analyze psychopath dynamite dynasty
dynamic |
Vol. 9
953-956 |
| -y= short i |
gym dyslexia physical physician gypped
gypsies |
Vol. 9
953-956 |
| -i = "y" |
onion union junior savior behavior
battalion |
Vol. 9
953-956 |
| -au = "OH" |
chauffeur chauvinist gauche mauve |
Vol. 9
949 |
| -eau = "OH" |
beau bureau plateau trousseau chateau
Rousseau |
Vol. 9
949 |
| -en= "AW'n" |
ensemble détente entree entrepreneur
ennui rendezvous |
Vol. 9
949 |
| -oi = "WAH" |
moi reservoir boudoir repertoire memoirs
voila |
Vol. 9
949 |
| -u= "w" |
suite suede cuisine suave
linguistic persuasion |
Vol. 9 949 |